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EDUCATION :: COMPLEMENT TESTING


membrane. An enzyme called Glucose 6-phosphtase con- verts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)), and the rate of production of NADH is then mea- sured. Test results are available in 13 to 15 minutes on specific automated analyzers.


Because of the different testing methods for the CH50


assay, there will be variances in what is being measured and in the type of units a laboratory will be using. The numerical values across the different methods may not be directly comparable. Causes for the differences in results include the detection technologies, assay optimization protocols, different cutoffs for normal ranges, and specific laboratory conditions.


Integrity is key


Sample integrity is the single most important factor when running the CH50 assay. Since CH50 complement is labile, preserving sample integrity is critical for accurate results. CH50 activity gradually decreases with time and heat. Samples should be frozen, kept on ice, or run immediately.


Future of complement testing The future is very promising. Great progress has been made in understanding of the quantification and acti- vation of the complement system. Recently, comple- ment has been associated with neurodegenerative dis- orders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome.3,4


Other complement


assays that clinicians may order to look at comple- ment disease associations or deficiencies may include: C1 inactivator, C1q, C2, C3c, C4, C5-9, Factors B, H, and I. Scientists in complement research are continu- ing to harness the complement system for solu- tions in the understanding of how complement measurements work in diagnosis of diseases, drug therapies, and solutions for immunodeficiencies.


REFERENCES


1. Immune Deficiency Foundation [IDF] Diagnostic Care and Clini- cal Care Guidelines. Diagnostic & Clinical Care Guidelines for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, 3rd


Edition, 2015.


2. Kirschfink M, Mollnes T. Modern Complement Analysis. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, Nov. 2003; 982-989.


3. Mukherjee P, GM Pasinetti. 2000. The role of complement anaphyla- toxin C5a in neurodegeneration: implications in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neuroimmunology, 105: 124-130.


Laura Oversmith, BSB, serves as Associate Product Manager of Immune Status and Other Protein Assays, Binding Site, North America.


Let Us Show You How Make Sense of AST Breakpoints


Interested in how breakpoints are set? Learn more by downloading our free rationale documents. Visit clsi.org/rationalefree for your free access.


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